ENSO Regime Change since the Late 1970s as Manifested by Two Types of ENSO

The two types of ENSO in CMIP5 models

[1] In this study, we evaluate the intensity of the CentralPacific (CP) and Eastern-Pacific (EP) types of El NiñoSouthern Oscillation (ENSO) simulated in the pre-industrial, historical, and the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 experiments of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Compared to the CMIP3 models, the pre-industrial simulations of the CMIP5 models ...

Change in European Societies since the 1970s

The influence of climate regime shift on ENSO

Observations indicated that for the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) there have been eastward displacements of the zonal wind stress anomalies and surface heat flux (short wave heat flux and latent heat flux) anomalies during El Niño episodes in the 1981-1995 regime relative to the earlier regime of 1961-1975 (without corresponding displacements during La Niña episodes). Our numerical experi...

Changes in the leading ENSO modes associated with the late 1970s climate shift: Role of surface zonal current

[1] In this study, using the nonlinear principal analysis (NLPCA) technique, we demonstrated that the leading El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) mode in a physical basis changed since the late 1970s. The ENSO mode during the pre-1980s resembles the destabilized ‘ocean basin mode’, while during the post-1980s does ‘the recharge-mode’. In particular, for the pre-1980s, the surface zonal current ...

Examination of the Two Types of ENSO in the NCEP CFS Model and Its Extratropical Associations

Two types of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulated by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Climate Forecast System (CFS) model are examined. The model is found to produce both the eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) types of ENSO with spatial patterns and temporal evolutions similar to the observed. The simulated ENSO intensity is comparable to the observed...